Journal of Defence Studies

Sailing on the Seven Seas: Indo-US Strategic Partnership in the Indo-Pacific

The Indo-Pacific is the primary geography of the Indo-US defence cooperation. In the last two decades, both sides have deepened their strategic relationship. Maritime cooperation is the hallmark of Indo-US defence ties. India and the US are members of the Quad and American drones are bolstering India’s naval capabilities. India is participating in the US-led maritime security efforts like the Combined Maritime Forces. The ties are strong to the extent where American vessels are servicing at the Indian shipyards. However, the relationship is not without its challenges too. India’s scepticism about the American credibility and the isolationist turn in the US politics do present dilemmas in the relationship.

History of Cold War Estrangement to Strategic Partnership and the Evolution of India–US Defence Cooperation

Indo-US relations witnessed considerable swings during the first five decades post India’s independence, shaped by geopolitical challenges and Cold War dynamics. Defence cooperation between the two nations began in 1962, when India, confronting conflict with China, sought assistance from President Kennedy. However, a deep rift developed as the US aligned with Pakistan during the 1971 Indo-Pak War and deteriorated further after India’s nuclear tests. Despite these setbacks, the turn of the 21st century marked a shift towards engagement, leading to a steady progression towards a strategic partnership. Over time, mutual interests, regional security concerns, and India’s growing global stature contributed to strengthening defence cooperation. The world has transitioned into a new era of strategic rivalry, where the China factor is driving India and the United States towards closer cooperation. This article explores the historical evolution of Indo-US defence relations, analysing the transition from Cold War estrangement to strategic partnership.