To fight hybrid wars, militaries would have to themselves hybridize, through public-private partnerships, and field required hybrid war-fighting capabilities and competencies.

Reluctance to embrace the revolution in open-source intelligence would limit the effectiveness of intelligence agencies in future conflicts.

Kazakhstan has strengthened its partnerships with regional and extra-regional actors amidst the ongoing regional turmoil.

The Ukraine War demonstrates that future wars between unmatched military rivals might not just require a ‘whole of government’ approach, but perhaps a ‘whole of people’s’ approach to achieve favourable outcomes in conflict.

The power of crowdsourcing budgetary support, technology, training, and logistic wherewithal, while at war, has emerged as an important lesson in the Ukraine war.