Dr Temjenmeren Ao is an Associate Fellow at the South East Asia and Oceania Centre of MP-IDSA. He specialises in international relations and security issues in South East Asia. He has published extensively that includes chapters in edited books, journal articles and has also edited and co-edited books. He has participated in a number of national and international dialogues and conferences and also delivered lectures that includes Air Force Command Seminars and Squadron Officers Capsules. He has also participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP), sponsored by the United States Department of State on the theme ‘Enhancing Regional Maritime Governance and Cooperation in the Quad’ in 2023.
Prior to joining MP-IDSA he worked as a Research Fellow on Southeast Asia at the Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA), New Delhi (2017-2023) and as an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Air Power Studies (2015-2017), where he completed a project titled, “China’s Aerospace Sector: A Study on its Rise through Transfers of Technology”. He is an alumna of St Edmund’s College, Shillong and has a Master’s Degree in Economics from the Centre for Economics Studies and Planning, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Delhi, and holds a PhD in International Relations from School of International Studies, JNU.
The ‘Indo-Pacific’ region has become one of the epicentres of global issues, with the emergence of multilateral mechanisms such as the ‘Quadrilateral Security Dialogue’ (Quad). This group comprises Australia, India, Japan and the United States of America. India is considered to be the ‘weakest link’ in the Quad. However, this is only partially true. The authors of this article are of the view that, being the only country in the group that is not a formal US ally, India’s participation in Quad has been ‘different’ rather than ‘weak’ – moving from being hesitant to being more proactive, while maintaining its strategic autonomy.
The ‘State of Southeast Asia’ 2025 survey indicates that the escalating US–China rivalry provides an opportunity for other major powers to positively shape the region’s geopolitical landscape.
Regional countries such as Vietnam have expressed environmental and security-related concerns as regards the Chinese-funded Funan-Techno Canal in Cambodia.
The Philippines is building new security partnerships as well as undertaking new maritime strategies to address some of the asymmetries in the maritime space vis-à-vis China.
The intensification of China’s hard-line territorial claims in the East and South China Seas, matched by its unilateral actions, are threatening regional peace and stability.