CBRN Threat from Non-State Actors: A Historical Perspective
This article analyses the evolving threat of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) weapons from non-state actors, with implications for modern military strategy. It traces the historical use of biological agents from ancient warfare to Cold War programs. It highlights how advances in biotechnology have lowered the barriers for terrorist groups to acquire and deploy such weapons. Case studies, including the Rajneeshee attack and Islamic State's chemical operations, illustrate how CBRN tools are being adapted for asymmetric warfare. The article also critiques existing international treaties, noting gaps in enforcement and verification. With a focus on India's two-and-a-halffront security challenge from China and Pakistan, the study concludes with recommendations for strengthening military readiness, enhancing inter-agency coordination, investing in early warning and detection systems, and modernising doctrinal frameworks to counter emerging CBRN threats effectively.
- KTG Krishnan, Rajiv Bakshi |
- January-June 2025 |
