Cherian Samuel is Research Fellow (SS) in the Strategic Technologies Centre at the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. He has written on various cyber security issues, including critical infrastructure protection, cyber resilience, cybercrime, and internet governance. His recent publications include:Securing Cyberspace: International and Asian Perspectives, Cherian Samuel and Munish Sharma, eds., Pentagon Press, 2016; “India’s International Cybersecurity Strategy,” in Cybersecurity: Some Critical Insights and Perspectives,Damien D. Cheong ed., S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Singapore (January 2015);“Net-Centric Defence Forces: A Macro View,”DSA Magazine, July 2014;“Cyber security and National Development,”CASS Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3, July–September 2014;“Cybersecurity and Cyberwar,”Seminar, October 2013;“Prospects for India-US Cyber Security Cooperation,”Strategic Analysis, Volume 31, Issue 2, September 2011. His monograph Global, Regional and Domestic Dynamics of Cybersecurity was published in December 2014. He was co-ordinator of the IDSA Task Force on Cyber Security, which published a report titled “India’s Cyber Security Challenges” in March 2012.
Militaries are the sword arm of the state, entrusted with defending the state against all threats that would harm its interests. These threats are increasingly emanating from cyberspace and militaries around the world are being called upon formally to undertake responsibility for defending against threats from this domain in addition to the existing physical domains of land, sea, air and space. The unique nature of this domain has required some restructuring on the part of the military.
Cyberconflict in Ukraine has become normalised in that it is focused, there is no lasting damage, and it effectively conveys a sense of helplessness to the affected government and population. At the same time, it signals to other governments that they are not impervious to such attacks.
The monograph looks at how major powers have tried to pursue three objectives in cyberspace, viz. (1) strengthening or enhancing national cyber defences, and (2) striving to shape the international cyber environment by leveraging economic and technological capabilities, and (3) through defining and evangelising international cyber norms. A section on the cybersecurity preparedness of the countries of the South Asian region is incorporated to highlight those vulnerabilities and deficient capacities and capabilities that give the major powers a foothold to pursue their objectives.
US has undertaken a number of initiatives on cybersecurity, specifically ransomware, one of them being the Counter-Ransomware Initiative Meeting held in October 2021. Whether this attempt by the US to mobilise a larger group of countries to discuss ransomware will lead to real outcomes, or is just meant to endorse its actions, remains to be seen.
With India’s current semiconductor demand of $40 billion expected to rise to $100 billion by 2025, the time is indeed right to begin production of semiconductors within the country.
The iDEX has made a commendable effort at putting a defence start-up ecosystem in place. The challenges ahead include maintaining momentum, obtaining funding, and accessing toolsets and data sets.
The existing approach to cyber security is heavily tilted towards practising deterrence by denial, essentially by building defences. However, the concept of deterrence needs further tweaking to make it workable in cyberspace.