Ashok Kumar Behuria replies: The term 'deep state' was used first in the context of groups carrying disproportionate influence in a polity or state short-circuiting the recognised lines of authority. In Turkey, such a phenomenon was called derin devlet or the ‘deep state’ or even ‘state within the state’. Such phenomenon is not, however, confined to Turkey alone and is noticeable in other states as well.
One Year of Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
Although the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement has been able to mainstream the Pashtun issue and has inspired popular empathy, its anti-establishment thrust has made it a soft target for the pro-establishment media and political actors.