Uttam Kumar Sinha replies: In the last three decades, increasing globalisation, development of capitalism, and deregulation policies have radically transformed the mass media, which includes international news broadcasts, television, film, and music. What used to be relatively national in scope has now become a competitive catchment of global audiences.

Shruti Pandalai replies: Globalisation, many would argue, is facing a backlash in the current global order in the aftermath of the Ukraine crisis as it amplified shifts already underway both due to the US–China split and the post-pandemic rewiring of economics and trade. Realignments and increasing focus among countries to look inwards, reshoring and building capacities to source and manufacture domestically and with trusted partners, have become an emerging trend.

Rajeesh Kumar replies: Western powers, particularly the United States (US), predominate the two major post-World War international financial institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The US is the only country with sufficient voting power to have a de facto veto right in both these institutions over certain decisions.

Ashok Kumar Behuria replies: Both globalisation and internationalisation imply processes that seek to go beyond the local, national and regional phenomena and bring these together in an interdependent relationship, which make these processes enduring, if not irreversible. However, there are subtle differences between the two.

A. Vinod Kumar replies: Globalisation, a post-Cold War phenomenon, entails a plethora of conceptions pertaining to global interdependence of societies, peoples and cultures. In the economic realm, globalisation represents the integration of economies through free trade, driven by lowered tariffs and minimal protectionism.

Saurabh Mishra replies: No, globalisation is not so simple and homogenous a phenomenon. The definition of globalisation has generally been disciplinary in nature, adapted to the aims and objectives of each discipline.