One of the chief consequences of the world wars was the development of better and sophisticated weapon systems. It signified a transition from traditional to non-conventional means of warfare that included biological weapons (BW). These weapons are varied kinds and can also constitute the development of anti-crop agent which can trigger a famine across the country and the intentional outbreak of animal diseases to target the livestock of the nation. These attacks have a long term effect on the economy and health of the population. With weapons aiming to destroy the long term sustainability of a country, the need to enhance the security mechanisms, to mitigate their use becomes inevitable.

The Bio-surveillance project of United States in South Korea in facing a serious criticism as it is believed to be a threat to the safety and survival of the local population of South Korea. While both the United States as well as South Korea deny the allegations, and they fail to provide complete information on the issue in the name of so-called ‘national security issue’. The article brings out the contradiction between traditional and non-traditional security approach by putting United States Bio-surveillance Project in South Korea as a case in point.

Recent biological and chemical trends highlights a growing concern regarding an evident indifference with respect to the support of the long standing institution CWC and BWC. This can be attributed to three causes the lowering of thresholds for developing BW and using CW, the demonstrated international lack of will to support these key international institutions, and a questionable ability to deal with the types of mass casualty scenarios as a result of biological or chemical attack.